Everything You Want to Know About Hard Capsules
What are hard capsules?
Hard capsules are a form of oral administration of drugs and supplements that may contain ingredients such as life-saving drugs, minerals, vitamins or other health components. They are valued for their convenience, enabling precise dosing, ease of portability, and high patient compliance. They are a practical alternative to more complex forms such as liquids, powders or pastes. Hard capsules typically contain dry ingredients, which is ideal for substances that are best stored and taken in this form.
Soft capsules gelatin capsules usually contain liquids and semi-solid substances, while hard gelatin capsules are often filled with dry powders, lightly compressed suppositories, granules or tablets. Soft gelatin capsules can take various forms, such as round, oval or tubular, while hard gelatin capsules are generally cylindrical in shape. This difference in shape and content is due to the different properties of the materials used in their production and the different needs related to the formula of the drug or supplement.
Here are the three main types of capsules used in pharmacy and dietary supplements:
Hard Gelatin Capsules: These are typically used for dry, powdered ingredients or granules. They consist of two parts: a body and a cap that fits over the body to form a complete capsule. Hard gelatin capsules can also be filled with liquids, provided the gelatin coating has been specially adapted to hold the liquid without dissolving.
HPMC Hard Capsules and Other Vegetarian Capsules: These capsules are similar in form and function to hard gelatin capsules, but are made of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a plant-derived material. It is an alternative to gelatin, which makes these capsules ideal for vegetarians and people with dietary restrictions regarding animal products. Other types of vegetarian capsules may use different plant-based materials, such as pullulan.
Soft Gelatin Capsules: Often referred to as softgels, they are made of a soft, flexible gelatin coating that is usually filled with liquids or semi-solid substances such as oils. Gelatin used in softgels is usually plasticized by adding glycerin or a similar agent. Soft gelatin capsules are completely enclosed and are ideal for oil-based formulas as they reduce oxidation and increase product durability.
What are hard capsules made of?
The main ingredient of hard capsules is gelatin. In addition, they may contain plasticizers, dyes, matting agents and preservatives. In addition, we offer vegan versions that are made from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). These capsules may also contain vegetable plasticizers, colors and preservatives that are compatible with a vegan diet. Our company, also specializing in products for vegans, produces dietary supplements and capsules free from animal products.
What sizes of hard capsules are available?
Hard capsules are available in sizes 000 (largest) to 5 (smallest). In our company IOC We offer popular sizes 0 and 00, which are perfect for a variety of dietary supplements.
How is the production of empty hard capsules carried out?
The production of hard capsules is an immersion process that involves the preparation of a gelatin solution. The gelatin is then dipped onto metal pins, dried and assembled into finished capsule parts.
What is the process of filling hard capsules?
Filling of hard capsules is carried out using technology, from manual filling to large-scale automatic filling. This process includes straightening the capsules, dosing the filler material and closing the capsules. IN IOC we use advanced automatic capsule machines.
Advanced Technologies for the Production of Hard Gelatin Capsules
Hard gelatin capsules are one of the most common methods of delivering medicines and dietary supplements in solid form. The production of these capsules involves the use of gelatin, which is a traditional material used for its gelling properties at slightly above room temperature.
Production process of hard gelatin capsules:
- Capsule formation: The process begins by immersing finger-shaped molds, kept at room temperature, in a hot gelatin solution. After immersion, the molds are removed and the gelatin solidifies on them, forming a thin layer.
- Drying: The formed gelatin layer is then dried in controlled air ovens. This process is crucial to ensure proper hardness and structural integrity of the capsule.
- Separating and trimming: After drying, the molded capsules are mechanically removed from the molds by bronze jaws. They are then cut to the required length using stationary cutters while they are rotated in chucks or collets.
- Assembly and filling: The separate parts of the capsule, i.e. the body and the cap, are assembled together but remain unsealed until they are filled with the appropriate medicinal ingredients or nutraceuticals. Manufacturers deliver these unsealed elements ready for the further filling process.
Additional technological aspects:
- Additional ingredients: In addition to gelatin, other substances, such as preservatives, fillers, flavors, sweeteners and dyes, may be added to the capsules to improve the functional and aesthetic properties of the product.
- Release modification: Capsules can also be covered with a special material film that changes the rate of release of the active substance (API) into the digestive system.
- Branding: Brand and dosage information can be printed on the outer surfaces of capsules, which is often used for marketing purposes and facilitates consumer identification of the product.
Hard gelatin capsules are valued for their dosage precision, storage stability and ability to effectively mask the taste and smell of active ingredients. However, their production requires precise technologies and experience to ensure high quality and consistency of the final products.
What are the advantages of hard capsules?
Hard capsules offer a number of significant advantages that make them the preferred choice in many pharmaceutical and supplement applications:
High Bioavailability: Hard capsules can increase the bioavailability of the substances they contain by ensuring that a higher percentage of the active ingredient is absorbed into the bloodstream after ingestion.
Rapid Disintegration: After ingestion, hard capsules disintegrate quickly in the stomach and intestines, facilitating rapid release and absorption of the contents. This is especially beneficial for medications that need to take effect quickly.
Taste Masking: Hard capsules effectively hide the taste of their contents, making them an excellent choice for bitter or otherwise unpleasant-tasting medications and supplements. This improves patient compliance because the capsules are easier to swallow without the discomfort of a bad taste.
Controlled Drug Release: Hard capsules can be designed to localize and control drug release at specific sites in the gastrointestinal tract. Such targeted emission can increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce side effects.
Versatility: They can be filled with a variety of materials including powders, granules and even small tablets, making them very versatile for a variety of formulas.
Protection of Sensitive Ingredients: Hard capsules can protect light- and air-sensitive ingredients from degradation, extending the shelf life and effectiveness of the products they contain.
These advantages make hard capsules a solid and effective form of drug delivery, widely used in both pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements.
Hard capsules are perfect for powders, they are resistant to odors and flavors, and ensure quick release of active ingredients. They have better bioavailability, are easier to swallow, require fewer additives and effectively mask unpleasant taste and smell. Additionally, they allow for great formula flexibility and offer wide personalization options.
Vegan supplements
An obvious trend in today's world is the growing interest in a healthy lifestyle and a plant-based diet. Therefore, dietary supplements for vegans are becoming more and more popular. These specially formulated products provide essential nutrients that may be more difficult to obtain from a purely plant-based diet. Supplements for vegans are based on plant ingredients, free from animal products, ensuring that they support dietary values consistent with the vegan philosophy. They provide not only vitamins and minerals, but also omega-3 fatty acids, plant protein and other key ingredients to support the health and well-being of people practicing a vegan diet.
Differences between Hard and Soft Gelatin Capsules
The main differences between hard gelatin capsules (often called simply "hardcaps") and soft gelatin capsules (popularly called "softgels") concern their structure, manufacturing processes, and the types of substances they may contain. Here is a detailed description of each of them:
Structure and Composition:
- Hard Gelatin Capsules: They consist of two parts - the body and the cover. They are made of stiff gelatin and are usually empty at the time of production, allowing them to be filled with active ingredients in a separate process. Hard capsules can hold dry ingredients, powders, granules or even small tablets.
- Soft Gelatin Capsules: Softgels are one-piece capsules made of more flexible gelatin, often malleable thanks to the addition of glycerin or other softening agents. They are characterized by the fact that they are hermetically closed, which allows for the storage of liquids or semi-solid substances inside.
Production process:
- Hard Gelatin Capsules: They are manufactured as empty capsules before being filled. In the next step, contract manufacturers or brand owners fill them with the active ingredient or drug.
- Soft Gelatin Capsules: The production of softgels is done in a way that combines filling and sealing in one continuous process. The active substance is added to the gelatin, and then the whole thing is formed and closed, which protects the contents against the influence of the external environment.
Content and Application:
- Hard Gelatin Capsules: Perfect for containing dry ingredients that are easy to dose and store in rigid packaging.
- Soft Gelatin Capsules: They are preferred for oils, plant extracts or other ingredients that are better stabilized in liquid or semi-solid form.
Each capsule type has its own unique uses and is selected depending on the requirements specific to the product formula, ensuring optimal delivery of active ingredients and convenience of use.
Comparison of Hard Capsules and Tablets in the Context of Medicines and Dietary Supplements
Capsules and tablets are popular oral forms of both medications and dietary supplements. Each of these forms has its own specific features that may influence consumers' choice, depending on their individual needs and preferences.
Hard capsules
Hard capsules are an oral form that contains a drug or dietary supplement in the form of a powder or liquid, enclosed in a hard, often gelatin shell. They are valued for their ability to quickly release their contents in the digestive system, which translates into quick bioavailability of active ingredients. This allows more active substances to enter the bloodstream faster. Hard capsules are also easy to swallow and do not have a distinct taste, which is especially beneficial for people who do not like the taste of some medications and supplements.
Pills
Tablets are formed by compressing a powder containing medicine or dietary supplements. They come in many shapes and sizes and often have notches that make them easier to divide, allowing you to easily adjust your dosage. The tablets have a long shelf life and are stable during storage. However, they may have an unpleasant taste and may be slower to absorb compared to capsules, which sometimes affects the effectiveness of the medicine or supplement.
Price Differences
The prices of capsules and tablets may vary, which is important for both consumers of medicines and dietary supplements. These differences are often the result of differences in the manufacturing process and ingredients used to create these molds. It's always worth it consult consult your doctor or pharmacist to make sure that the form of drug or supplement you choose is not only the most cost-effective, but also best meets the patient's individual health needs.
To sum up, both hard capsules and tablets have their advantages and disadvantages, which are worth considering when deciding on the best form of medicine or dietary supplement. Choosing the appropriate form may depend on many factors, including taste preferences, ease of swallowing, and how quickly the drug or supplement works.
Why us?
Why choose IOC as a contract manufacturer of your supplement?
Production of Dietary Supplements in IOC step by step
W IOC we have modern technological facilities that allow us to produce dietary supplements in various forms. Our factory is equipped with advanced machines and technology, which allows us to produce a wide range of supplements tailored to the individual needs of our customers.
Key Aspects of the Production Process
Each stage of production is carried out with the utmost attention to quality. From the selection of raw materials, through production processes, to final packaging - each step is carefully monitored. We use raw materials only from proven suppliers, which guarantees that our products are safe and effective.
Weighing Raw Materials – The Beginning of the Process
Weighing raw materials is the first step in our production. In this phase, we carefully measure each ingredient to ensure optimal proportions. This is crucial to achieving consistency and effectiveness in the final product.
Mixing Ingredients – The Heart of the Process
After precise weighing, the raw materials are mixed. This phase is extremely important because it ensures even distribution of ingredients throughout the product. We use specialized mixing machines that guarantee perfect consistency and homogeneity of the mixture.
Variety of Capsule Forms – Adaptation to Requirements
The next step in our production process is encapsulation. We specialize in creating various forms of capsules, which allows us to adapt the product to the specific needs of our customers:
- Hard Capsules: Available in sizes "0" and "00", ideal for standard supplement doses.
- Soft Gel Capsules: Flexible in formulation, ideal for oily ingredients and larger doses.
Packing – The Last Stage of the Process
After the encapsulation process, we start packaging. We offer various packaging options including sachets, containers and bottles. Each of these packaging options is tailored to the different needs of our customers, ensuring the safety and long-term storage of the product.
Pouring the Mixture/Granulate into Sachets
The sachets are ideal for packaging powder or granules. They are easy to use and allow you to quickly prepare single doses of the product. The sachets are also convenient to transport and store.
Pouring Liquid and Semi-Liquid Forms
In our production plant, we also have the ability to pour supplements in liquid and semi-liquid forms. This option is particularly beneficial for products that require quick absorption by the body, as well as for customers who prefer an alternative to tablets or capsules. Our production lines are adapted to bottling various types of liquids, from syrups to vitamin and oil mixtures.
Quality Control and Product Safety
Product safety and quality are our priority. We use rigorous quality control procedures at every stage of production to ensure that each supplement meets the highest standards. Our testing laboratories use modern testing techniques to ensure our products are effective, safe and compliant with regulatory requirements.
